The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 114
He taught him how to make plums grow on trees, and how to make ground-cherries come out of his mouth.
Who acts: chief, plums, ground cherries · What happens: teach, make, grow, come out · To what, where: medicine, trees, mouth
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, plums, ground cherries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 taught | nsubj |
| 2 | taught | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 taught | obj |
| 4 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 make | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 make | mark |
| 6 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 taught | xcomp |
| 7 | plums | plum | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 grow | nsubj |
| 8 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 make | xcomp |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 trees | case |
| 10 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 grow | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 make | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 make | cc |
| 13 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 make | advmod |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 make | mark |
| 15 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 taught | parataxis |
| 16 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cherries | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 ground | punct |
| 18 | cherries | cherry | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 come | nsubj |
| 19 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 make | ccomp |
| 20 | out | out | ADP | _ | 23 mouth | case |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 mouth | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 23 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 come | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 taught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | teach speech: other | past | chief | medicine | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | chief not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | grow | infinitive | plums | trees | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location | ||||
| 4 | make | to-infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | come out | present | ground cherries | chief's mouth | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient mouth=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/10/114/