The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 162
Soon the enemy pursued them, and at length they could see them coming, and it seemed as if they must soon overtake them.
Who acts: enemy, brothers, horses, it · What happens: pursue, see, come, seem, overtake · To what, where: brothers, horses, length
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enemy, brothers, horses, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 pursued | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 enemy | det |
| 3 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pursued | nsubj |
| 4 | pursued | pursue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 pursued | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 see | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 see | cc |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 length | case |
| 9 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 see | obl |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 see | nsubj |
| 11 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 see | aux |
| 12 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 pursued | conj |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 see | obj |
| 14 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 see | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 seemed | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 seemed | cc |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 seemed | nsubj |
| 18 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 pursued | parataxis |
| 19 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 24 overtake | mark |
| 20 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 24 overtake | mark |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 overtake | nsubj |
| 22 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 overtake | aux |
| 23 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 24 overtake | advmod |
| 24 | overtake | overtake | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 seemed | xcomp |
| 25 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 overtake | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 pursued | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pursue | past | the enemy | brothers = brother | soon property | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 2 | see | could | brothers = brother | horses = horse | length | tree rules | |||
| 3 | come | gerund | horses = horse not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | seem | past | it | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | overtake a condition, not said to happen | must | brothers = brother | horses = horse | soon property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/10/162/