The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 170
His brother told the people that this man was powerful, that they had taken the horses in broad daylight, and the young man had stayed behind on foot and fought the enemy off, while he drove on the horses.
Who acts: brother, man, brothers, young man, enemy · What happens: tell, be, take, stay, fight off, drive · To what, where: people, horses, broad daylight, foot, enemy · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother, man, brothers, young man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 brother | nmod:poss |
| 2 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 told | nsubj |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 people | det |
| 5 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 told | iobj |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 powerful | mark |
| 7 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 8 man | det |
| 8 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 powerful | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 powerful | cop |
| 10 | powerful | powerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 people | acl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 taken | punct |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 taken | mark |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 taken | nsubj |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 taken | aux |
| 15 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 told | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 horses | det |
| 17 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 taken | obj |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 daylight | case |
| 19 | broad | broad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 daylight | amod |
| 20 | daylight | daylight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 taken | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 stayed | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 stayed | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 man | det |
| 24 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 man | amod |
| 25 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stayed | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 stayed | aux |
| 27 | stayed | stay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 told | conj |
| 28 | behind | behind | ADV | _ | 27 stayed | advmod |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 foot | case |
| 30 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stayed | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 fought | cc |
| 32 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 stayed | conj |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 enemy | det |
| 34 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 fought | obj |
| 35 | off | off | ADP | _ | 32 fought | compound:prt |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 drove | punct |
| 37 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 39 drove | mark |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 drove | nsubj |
| 39 | drove | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 fought | conj |
| 40 | on | on | ADP | _ | 42 horses | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 horses | det |
| 42 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 drove | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | enemy's brother | the people | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | is | past | this man | the people not said here | powerful property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | take | past · perfect | brothers = brother | the horses | broad daylight | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent horse=Value in daylight=Location | |||
| 4 | stay | past · perfect | the young man | foot | behind property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on foot=Location | |||
| 5 | fight off | past | the young man not said here | the enemy | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Co-Agent | ||||
| 6 | drive | past | enemy | on the horses | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/10/170/