The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 176
The Bear had told him that in going into battle he must never start towards the east, but must attack going towards the west.
Who acts: boy · What happens: tell, go, not start, attack · To what, where: Bear, boy, battle, west · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Bear | det |
| 2 | Bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 told | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 told | aux |
| 4 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 told | iobj |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 start | mark |
| 7 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 8 going | mark |
| 8 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 start | advcl |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 battle | case |
| 10 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 going | obl |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 start | nsubj |
| 12 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 start | aux |
| 13 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 14 start | advmod |
| 14 | start | start | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 told | xcomp |
| 15 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 17 east | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 east | det |
| 17 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 start | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 attack | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 attack | cc |
| 20 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 attack | aux |
| 21 | attack | attack | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 told | parataxis |
| 22 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 attack | xcomp |
| 23 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 25 west | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 west | det |
| 25 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 going | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past · perfect · passive | the Bear | boy | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | go | gerund | boy not said here | battle | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into battle=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | not start not said to happen | must | boy | towards the east | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | attack | must | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | go | gerund | the west | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme towards west=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/10/176/