The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 181
When his people looked at him, and saw that it was really the poor boy who had just done so brave a deed, they knew that what the chief’s son had said was true.
Who acts: people, line, poor boy, son · What happens: look, see, be, do, know, say · To what, where: poor boy, deed · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, line, poor boy, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 looked | advmod |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 people | nmod:poss |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 looked | nsubj |
| 4 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 knew | advcl |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 him | case |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 looked | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 saw | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 saw | cc |
| 9 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 looked | conj |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 boy | mark |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 boy | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 boy | cop |
| 13 | really | really | ADV | _ | 16 boy | advmod |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 boy | det |
| 15 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 boy | amod |
| 16 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 saw | ccomp |
| 17 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 done | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 done | aux |
| 19 | just | just | ADV | _ | 20 done | advmod |
| 20 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 boy | acl:relcl |
| 21 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 brave | advmod |
| 22 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 done | xcomp |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 deed | det |
| 24 | deed | deed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 done | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 looked | punct |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 knew | nsubj |
| 27 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 true | mark |
| 29 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 37 true | nsubj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 chief | det |
| 31 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 son | nmod:poss |
| 32 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 31 chief | case |
| 33 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 said | nsubj |
| 34 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 said | aux |
| 35 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 29 what | acl:relcl |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 true | cop |
| 37 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 knew | ccomp |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 27 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | boy's people | at boy | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at he=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | past | boy's people not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | is a | past | line | the poor boy | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | do | past · perfect | the poor boy | a deed | brave property | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deed=Eventuality | |||
| 5 | know | past | people | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | past · perfect | the chief's son | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | is | past | what nsubj; true property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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