The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 198
When he came to the battle, the Pawnees were having a hard time, because the enemy were so many.
Who acts: tribe, Pawnees, enemy · What happens: come, have, be · To what, where: battle
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribe, Pawnees, enemy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 came | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 battle | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 battle | det |
| 6 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 having | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Pawnees | det |
| 9 | Pawnees | Pawnee | PROPN | Number=Plur | 11 having | nsubj |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 having | aux |
| 11 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 battle | acl:relcl |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 time | det |
| 13 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 time | amod |
| 14 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 having | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 many | punct |
| 16 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 21 many | mark |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 enemy | det |
| 18 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 many | nsubj |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 many | cop |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 many | advmod |
| 21 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 came | conj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | tribe | the battle | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to battle=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | have | past · progressive | the Pawnees | the battle not said here | time | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Patient | |||
| 3 | is | past | the enemy | many property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/10/198/