The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 98
Then the Bear told him to load the gun with a ball and to shoot it at him, and he did so, and shot the Bear, but the lead was made flat and dropped to the ground.
Who acts: Bear, boy · What happens: tell, load, shoot, do, make, drop · To what, where: boy, gun, ball, Bear, lead, ground · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bear, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 told | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Bear | det |
| 3 | Bear | Bear | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 told | nsubj |
| 4 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 told | iobj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 load | mark |
| 7 | load | load | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 told | xcomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 gun | det |
| 9 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 load | obj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 ball | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 ball | det |
| 12 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 load | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 shoot | cc |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 shoot | mark |
| 15 | shoot | shoot | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 load | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 shoot | obj |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 shoot | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 did | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 did | cc |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 did | nsubj |
| 22 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 told | conj |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 did | advmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 shot | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 shot | cc |
| 26 | shot | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 told | parataxis |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Bear | det |
| 28 | Bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 shot | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 made | punct |
| 30 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 made | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 lead | det |
| 32 | lead | lead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 made | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 made | aux:pass |
| 34 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 shot | parataxis |
| 35 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 made | xcomp |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 dropped | cc |
| 37 | dropped | drop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 made | conj |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 ground | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 ground | det |
| 40 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dropped | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | the Bear | boy | then | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | load not said to happen | to-infinitive | the Bear not said here | the gun | with a ball | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent gun=Destination with ball=Theme | |||
| 3 | shoot | to-infinitive | the Bear not said here | ball | at boy | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme at he=Destination | |||
| 4 | do | past | boy | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | shoot | past | the Bear | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bear=Theme | |||||
| 6 | make | past · passive | the lead | flat property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 7 | drop | participle | the ground | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to ground=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/10/98/