The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Medicine Lodge, sentence 32
He made a bed of stones like the one he had lain on before, and while he slept another voice said: “My son, your journey is not yet ended.
Who acts: voice, your · What happens: make, lie, sleep, say, not end, journey · To what, where: bed, one, son · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Medicine Lodge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 made | nsubj |
| 2 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 bed | det |
| 4 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 made | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 stones | case |
| 6 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bed | nmod |
| 7 | like | like | ADP | _ | 9 one | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 one | det |
| 9 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 stones | nmod |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 lain | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 lain | aux |
| 12 | lain | lie | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 one | acl:relcl |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 before | case |
| 14 | before | before | ADV | _ | 12 lain | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 slept | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 slept | cc |
| 17 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 19 slept | mark |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 slept | nsubj |
| 19 | slept | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 made | parataxis |
| 20 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 voice | det |
| 21 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 said | nsubj |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 slept | conj |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 33 ended | punct |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 ended | punct |
| 25 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 son | nmod:poss |
| 26 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 ended | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 journey | punct |
| 28 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 journey | nmod:poss |
| 29 | journey | journey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 son | appos |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 ended | aux:pass |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 33 ended | advmod |
| 32 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 33 ended | advmod |
| 33 | ended | end | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 said | ccomp |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | voice | a bed of stones like the one | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bed=Product | ||||
| 2 | lie | past · perfect | voice | the one not said here | before property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location one=Theme | |||
| 3 | sleep | past | voice | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | another voice | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | not end in a quote | present · passive | My son | yet | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | journey in a quote | your | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/11/32/