The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Medicine Lodge, sentence 45
He could now see the person who had spoken to him.
Who acts: friend, person · What happens: see, speak · To what, where: person, friend · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Medicine Lodge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend, person), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 see | nsubj |
| 2 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 see | aux |
| 3 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 see | advmod |
| 4 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 person | det |
| 6 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 see | obj |
| 7 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 spoken | nsubj |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 spoken | aux |
| 9 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 person | acl:relcl |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 him | case |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 spoken | obl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | could | friend | the person | now | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer person=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | speak speech: other | past · perfect | the person | friend | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/11/45/