The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Medicine Lodge, sentence 76
I have had four other sons, but they have all been killed by these birds.”
Who acts: I, birds · What happens: have, kill · To what, where: four other sons, men
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Medicine Lodge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 had | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 had | aux |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 sons | nummod |
| 5 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 sons | amod |
| 6 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 had | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 killed | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 killed | cc |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 killed | aux |
| 11 | all | all | ADV | _ | 13 killed | advmod |
| 12 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 killed | aux:pass |
| 13 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 had | conj |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 birds | case |
| 15 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 16 birds | det |
| 16 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 killed | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
| 18 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present · perfect | I | four other sons | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient | ||||
| 2 | kill | present · perfect · passive | this birds | men = man | all property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/11/76/