The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 104
One day, as he sat in the lodge making some arrows, the distant rumbling of thunder was heard.
Who acts: Maker, thunder · What happens: sit, make, hear, rumble · To what, where: One day, lodge, arrows, distant rumbling
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maker, thunder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 day | nummod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 heard | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 sat | punct |
| 4 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 6 sat | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 sat | nsubj |
| 6 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 day | acl:relcl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 lodge | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 lodge | det |
| 9 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sat | obl |
| 10 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 sat | advcl |
| 11 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 arrows | det |
| 12 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 making | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 day | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 rumbling | det |
| 15 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 rumbling | amod |
| 16 | rumbling | rumbling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 thunder | case |
| 18 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 rumbling | nmod |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 heard | aux:pass |
| 20 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 20 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | past | Maker | One day not said here | the lodge | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent day=Theme in lodge=Location | |||
| 2 | make | gerund | Maker not said here | some arrows | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset arrow=Product | ||||
| 3 | hear | past · passive | the distant rumbling of thunder | day | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | rumble | thunder | nom rumbling «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/104/