The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 139
The cold wind and the hazy frost ceased as suddenly as they had come.
Who acts: teeth · What happens: cease, come · To what, where: hazy frost, cold wind
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 wind | det |
| 2 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 wind | amod |
| 3 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 frost | cc |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 frost | det |
| 6 | hazy | hazy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 frost | amod |
| 7 | frost | frost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wind | conj |
| 8 | ceased | cease | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 frost | acl |
| 9 | as | as | ADV | _ | 10 suddenly | advmod |
| 10 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 8 ceased | advmod |
| 11 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 14 come | mark |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 come | nsubj |
| 13 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 come | aux |
| 14 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 ceased | advcl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wind | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cease | participle | the hazy frost not said here | suddenly property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | come | past · perfect | teeth = tooth | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/139/