The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 14
The buffalo are my living, and to-morrow I shall follow them, even if I go alone.”
Who acts: buffalo, I · What happens: be, follow, go · To what, where: living, loads, morrow
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (buffalo, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 buffalo | det |
| 2 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 living | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 living | cop |
| 4 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 living | nmod:poss |
| 5 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 follow | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 follow | cc |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 morrow | case |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 to | punct |
| 10 | morrow | morrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 follow | obl |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 follow | nsubj |
| 12 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 follow | aux |
| 13 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 living | parataxis |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 follow | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 go | punct |
| 16 | even | even | ADV | _ | 19 go | advmod |
| 17 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 19 go | mark |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 go | nsubj |
| 19 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 follow | advcl |
| 20 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 19 go | advmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 living | punct |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 living | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the buffalo | my living | my nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 2 | follow | shall | I | loads = load | morrow | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme to morrow=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | go a condition, not said to happen | present | I | alone property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/14/