The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 145
Now that Plover Call knew who her new husband really was, she was not at all afraid of him, although he was one of the deathless ones, who, for the time, had taken the form of man.
Who acts: Plover Call, Call, husband, deathless ones · What happens: know, not be, be, take, form · To what, where: all, one, form, man
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plover Call, Call, husband, deathless ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 knew | advmod |
| 2 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 5 knew | mark |
| 3 | Plover | Plover | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Call | compound |
| 4 | Call | Call | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 knew | nsubj |
| 5 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 knew | obj |
| 7 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 husband | nmod:poss |
| 8 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 husband | amod |
| 9 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 was | nsubj |
| 10 | really | really | ADV | _ | 11 was | advmod |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 who | acl:relcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 afraid | punct |
| 13 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 afraid | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 afraid | cop |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 afraid | advmod |
| 16 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 all | case |
| 17 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 afraid | obl |
| 18 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 knew | advcl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 afraid | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 one | punct |
| 22 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 25 one | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 one | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 one | cop |
| 25 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 afraid | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 ones | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 ones | det |
| 28 | deathless | deathless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 ones | amod |
| 29 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 one | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 taken | punct |
| 31 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 taken | nsubj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 taken | punct |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 35 time | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 time | det |
| 35 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 taken | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 time | punct |
| 37 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 taken | aux |
| 38 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 29 ones | acl:relcl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 form | det |
| 40 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 taken | obj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 man | case |
| 42 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 form | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | Plover Call | now | who obj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer who=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | not is | past | Call | all | of husband; afraid property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is a | past | husband | one | of the deathless ones | tree rules | |||
| 4 | take | past · perfect | the deathless ones | the form of man | time | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Theme | |||
| 5 | form | man | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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