The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 16
“Hold on,” said the chiefs, coming up; “why all this hurry?
Who acts: you, chiefs · What happens: hold on, say, come up · To what, where: hurry · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hold | punct |
| 2 | Hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 2 Hold | compound:prt |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hold | punct |
| 5 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hold | punct |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 Hold | advcl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 chiefs | det |
| 8 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 said | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 coming | punct |
| 10 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 said | ccomp |
| 11 | up | up | ADP | _ | 10 coming | compound:prt |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 hurry | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 hurry | punct |
| 14 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 all | advmod |
| 15 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 hurry | det:predet |
| 16 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 hurry | det |
| 17 | hurry | hurry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Hold | obl |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hold | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold on in a quote | imperative | you not said here | all hurry | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the chiefs | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | come up | gerund | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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