The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 4

The summer passed, the leaves began to fall, and with the approach of winter the great herds of buffalo slowly grazed out on the plains, and finally disappeared to the eastward.

Who acts: summer, leaves, great herds, winter · What happens: pass, begin, fall, graze out, disappear, approach

This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (summer, leaves, great herds, winter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 summer	det
2	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 passed	nsubj
3	passed	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 began	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 leaves	det
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 began	nsubj
7	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 passed	conj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 fall	mark
9	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 began	xcomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 grazed	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 grazed	cc
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 approach	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 approach	det
14	approach	approach	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 grazed	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 winter	case
16	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 approach	nmod
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 herds	det
18	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 herds	amod
19	herds	herd	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 grazed	nsubj
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 buffalo	case
21	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 herds	nmod
22	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	23 grazed	advmod
23	grazed	graze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 passed	conj
24	out	out	ADP	_	23 grazed	compound:prt
25	on	on	ADP	_	27 plains	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 plains	det
27	plains	plain	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 grazed	obl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 disappeared	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 disappeared	cc
30	finally	finally	ADV	_	31 disappeared	advmod
31	disappeared	disappear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 passed	conj
32	to	to	ADP	_	34 eastward	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 eastward	det
34	eastward	eastward	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 disappeared	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 passed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	pass	past	the summer		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	begin	past	the leaves		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	fall	to-infinitive	the leaves not said here		vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	graze out	past	the great herds of buffalo	with the approach of winter; on the plains; slowly property	vn dine-39.5 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on plain=Patient
5	disappear	past	the summer not said here	to the eastward; finally property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	approach		winter		nom approach «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/4/

🌲 The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 4

The tree

Pragmatics

The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 4