The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 74
The fears of the little family were again aroused, and when at night the young man returned after a long rumbling of thunder, they were all frightened, and feared that something dreadful was about to happen.
Who acts: young man, something, thunder · What happens: arouse, return, frighten, fear, be, happen · To what, where: fears, little family · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young man, something, thunder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 fears | det |
| 2 | fears | fear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 aroused | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 family | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 family | det |
| 5 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 family | amod |
| 6 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fears | nmod |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 aroused | aux:pass |
| 8 | again | again | ADV | _ | 9 aroused | advmod |
| 9 | aroused | arouse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 returned | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 returned | cc |
| 12 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 returned | advmod |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 night | case |
| 14 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 returned | obl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 man | det |
| 16 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 man | amod |
| 17 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 returned | nsubj |
| 18 | returned | return | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 aroused | conj |
| 19 | after | after | ADP | _ | 22 rumbling | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 rumbling | det |
| 21 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 rumbling | amod |
| 22 | rumbling | rumbling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 returned | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 thunder | case |
| 24 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rumbling | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 frightened | punct |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 frightened | aux:pass |
| 28 | all | all | ADV | _ | 29 frightened | advmod |
| 29 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 aroused | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 feared | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 feared | cc |
| 32 | feared | fear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 aroused | conj |
| 33 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 about | mark |
| 34 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 37 about | nsubj |
| 35 | dreadful | dreadful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 something | amod |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 about | cop |
| 37 | about | about | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 feared | ccomp |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 happen | mark |
| 39 | happen | happen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 about | xcomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 aroused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arouse | past · passive | the fears of the little family | again | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | return | participle | the young man | after a long rumbling of thunder; night | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | frighten | past · passive | fears = fear | all property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | fear | past | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 5 | is | past | something | about property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | happen | to-infinitive | something not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | fear | the little family | nom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 8 | rumble | thunder | nom rumbling «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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