The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 76
“Why,” said Low Wolf, “I was out there, too, this morning; it is strange I did not see you.
Who acts: Low Wolf, deer · What happens: say, be, not see · To what, where: you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Low Wolf, deer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 2 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 said | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Why | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Why | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | Low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 Wolf | amod |
| 7 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 said | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 there | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 there | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 there | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 there | cop |
| 12 | out | out | ADV | _ | 13 there | advmod |
| 13 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 said | parataxis |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 too | punct |
| 15 | too | too | ADV | _ | 13 there | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 morning | punct |
| 17 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 morning | det |
| 18 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 strange | punct |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 strange | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 strange | cop |
| 22 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 said | parataxis |
| 23 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 see | nsubj |
| 24 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 see | aux |
| 25 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 see | advmod |
| 26 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 strange | parataxis |
| 27 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 see | obj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Low Wolf | morning | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | past | Low Wolf = wolf | out, there property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | deer | strange property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not see in a quote | past · do-support | Low Wolf = wolf | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/76/