The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 79
When he started out they watched him; he took four steps from the lodge door, and then suddenly vanished, the thunder beginning again and rumbling away into the distance.
Who acts: Wolf, tracks, thunder · What happens: start out, watch, take, vanish, begin, rumble away · To what, where: Wolf, four steps, lodge door, thunder
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wolf, tracks, thunder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 started | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 started | nsubj |
| 3 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 watched | advcl |
| 4 | out | out | ADP | _ | 3 started | compound:prt |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 watched | nsubj |
| 6 | watched | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 watched | obj |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 took | punct |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 took | nsubj |
| 10 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 watched | conj |
| 11 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 steps | nummod |
| 12 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 took | obj |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 door | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 door | det |
| 15 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 door | compound |
| 16 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 took | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 vanished | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 vanished | cc |
| 19 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 vanished | advmod |
| 20 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 21 vanished | advmod |
| 21 | vanished | vanish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 took | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 thunder | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 thunder | det |
| 24 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 vanished | obj |
| 25 | beginning | begin | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 thunder | acl |
| 26 | again | again | ADV | _ | 25 beginning | advmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 rumbling | cc |
| 28 | rumbling | rumble | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 beginning | conj |
| 29 | away | away | ADV | _ | 28 rumbling | advmod |
| 30 | into | into | ADP | _ | 32 distance | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 distance | det |
| 32 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 rumbling | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 watched | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start out | past | Wolf | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | watch | past | tracks = track | Wolf | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 3 | take | past | Wolf | four steps | the lodge door | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent step=Theme from door=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | vanish | past | Wolf not said here | the thunder | then | suddenly property | tree rules | ||
| 5 | begin | gerund | the thunder not said here | again | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | rumble away | gerund | the thunder not said here | into the distance; away property | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into distance=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/79/