The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 9
“Snow will not fall for one or two moons,” they said, “and there are still plenty of elk, deer, moose, and other small game close by.
Who acts: Snow · What happens: not fall, say, be · To what, where: plenty · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 fall | punct |
| 2 | Snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fall | nsubj |
| 3 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 fall | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 fall | advmod |
| 5 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 said | ccomp |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 moons | case |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 moons | nummod |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 two | cc |
| 9 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 one | conj |
| 10 | moons | moon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fall | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 fall | punct |
| 12 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 fall | punct |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 said | nsubj |
| 14 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 plenty | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 are | cc |
| 18 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 19 are | expl |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 plenty | cop |
| 20 | still | still | ADV | _ | 19 are | advmod |
| 21 | plenty | plenty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 said | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 elk | case |
| 23 | elk | elk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 plenty | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 deer | punct |
| 25 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 plenty | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 moose | punct |
| 27 | moose | moose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 plenty | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 game | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 game | cc |
| 30 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 game | amod |
| 31 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 game | amod |
| 32 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 plenty | conj |
| 33 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 game | amod |
| 34 | by | by | ADP | _ | 33 close | fixed |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not fall in a quote | future | Snow | for one moons | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for moon=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | snow | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | plenty and deer and moose and other small game | of elk; deer conj; moose conj; other small game conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/9/