The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 27
No one but he knew what was inside the little sack; it was his secret helper.
Who acts: stem, one · What happens: know, be · To what, where: one, little sack, secret helper · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stem, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 2 one | det |
| 2 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 helper | nsubj |
| 3 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 knew | cc |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 knew | nsubj |
| 5 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 one | acl:relcl |
| 6 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 11 sack | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 sack | cop |
| 8 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 11 sack | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 sack | det |
| 10 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 sack | amod |
| 11 | sack | sack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 knew | ccomp |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 helper | punct |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 helper | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 helper | cop |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 helper | nmod:poss |
| 16 | secret | secret | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 helper | amod |
| 17 | helper | helper | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 helper | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | stem | no one not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is | past | the little sack | what nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | no one | stem's secret helper | sack nsubj; stem nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/27/