The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 68
“Friend,” he said to his guest, “this morning, when all was still, I heard a whitehead sounding its cry as it circled around above us.
Who acts: Í, all, whitehead, opportunity · What happens: say, be, hear, sound, circle around, cry · To what, where: guest, whitehead, cry · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Í, all, whitehead, opportunity), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Friend | punct |
| 2 | Friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 said | ccomp |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Friend | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Friend | punct |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 guest | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 guest | nmod:poss |
| 9 | guest | guest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 said | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 morning | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 morning | punct |
| 12 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 13 morning | det |
| 13 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 guest | appos |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 heard | punct |
| 15 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 18 still | mark |
| 16 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 still | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 still | cop |
| 18 | still | still | ADV | _ | 21 heard | advcl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 still | punct |
| 20 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 heard | nsubj |
| 21 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 said | conj |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 whitehead | det |
| 23 | whitehead | whitehead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 heard | obj |
| 24 | sounding | sound | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 whitehead | acl |
| 25 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 cry | nmod:poss |
| 26 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sounding | obj |
| 27 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 29 circled | mark |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 circled | nsubj |
| 29 | circled | circle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 heard | advcl |
| 30 | around | around | ADV | _ | 29 circled | advmod |
| 31 | above | above | ADP | _ | 32 us | case |
| 32 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 circled | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Í = í | Í's guest | Friend ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to guest=Recipient | |||
| 2 | is in a quote | past | all | still property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | hear in a quote | past | Í = í | a whitehead | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer whitehead=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | sound in a quote | gerund | a whitehead not said here | opportunity's cry | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cry=Theme | ||||
| 5 | circle around in a quote | past | opportunity | above us; around property | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | cry in a quote | opportunity | nom cry «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/68/