The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Ragged Head, sentence 16
None of these three men thought much about it, nor felt afraid, for every one knows that people when they are in battle and are trying to kill their enemies, do not shoot ramrods at them, but bullets.
Who acts: None, one, people · What happens: think, feel, know, be, try, kill · To what, where: bullets, people, battle, enemies, ramrods
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (None, one, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | None | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 6 thought | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 men | case |
| 3 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 5 men | det |
| 4 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 men | nummod |
| 5 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 None | nmod |
| 6 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | much | much | ADV | _ | 6 thought | advmod |
| 8 | about | about | ADP | _ | 9 it | case |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 thought | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 felt | punct |
| 11 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 12 felt | cc |
| 12 | felt | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 thought | parataxis |
| 13 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 felt | xcomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 knows | punct |
| 15 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 18 knows | mark |
| 16 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 one | det |
| 17 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 knows | nsubj |
| 18 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 felt | conj |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 people | mark |
| 20 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 knows | obj |
| 21 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 battle | advmod |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 battle | nsubj |
| 23 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 battle | cop |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 battle | case |
| 25 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 knows | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 trying | cc |
| 27 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 trying | aux |
| 28 | trying | try | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 battle | conj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 kill | mark |
| 30 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 trying | xcomp |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 32 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 kill | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 shoot | punct |
| 34 | do | do | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 36 shoot | aux |
| 35 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 36 shoot | advmod |
| 36 | shoot | shoot | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 knows | conj |
| 37 | ramrods | ramrod | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 shoot | obj |
| 38 | at | at | ADP | _ | 39 them | case |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 shoot | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 bullets | punct |
| 41 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 42 bullets | cc |
| 42 | bullets | bullet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 felt | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past | None of this three men | about part | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic | ||||
| 2 | feel | past | bullets | afraid property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | know | present | every one | people | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | is | present | people | battle | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | try | present · progressive | people not said here | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | kill not said to happen | to-infinitive | people not said here | people's enemies | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Theme | ||||
| 7 | not shoot | infinitive · do-support | every one not said here | ramrods | at people | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent ramrod=Theme at they=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/14/16/