The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Ragged Head, sentence 22
When he saw a party of his enemies, he would charge down upon them, shaking his war-club and shouting out the war-cry; and when the Piegans saw who it was that was coming they all tried to get out of his way, for they knew that he could not be killed, and that they could not do anything to hurt him.
Who acts: man, Piegans · What happens: see, charge down, shake, shout out, come, try · To what, where: party, war club, war cry, way, man, anything · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, Piegans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 saw | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 party | det |
| 5 | party | party | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 enemies | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 8 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 party | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 charge | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 charge | nsubj |
| 11 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 charge | aux |
| 12 | charge | charge | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 saw | conj |
| 13 | down | down | ADV | _ | 12 charge | advmod |
| 14 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 15 them | case |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 charge | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 shaking | punct |
| 17 | shaking | shake | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 charge | advcl |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 club | nmod:poss |
| 19 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 club | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 war | punct |
| 21 | club | club | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 shaking | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 shouting | cc |
| 23 | shouting | shout | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 shaking | conj |
| 24 | out | out | ADP | _ | 23 shouting | compound:prt |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 cry | det |
| 26 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 cry | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 war | punct |
| 28 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 shouting | obj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 saw | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 saw | cc |
| 31 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 34 saw | advmod |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Piegans | det |
| 33 | Piegans | Piegan | PROPN | Number=Plur | 34 saw | nsubj |
| 34 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 saw | conj |
| 35 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 coming | nsubj |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 coming | nsubj |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 coming | aux |
| 38 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 coming | nsubj |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 coming | aux |
| 40 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 saw | ccomp |
| 41 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 tried | nsubj |
| 42 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 43 tried | advmod |
| 43 | tried | try | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 coming | ccomp |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 get | mark |
| 45 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 tried | xcomp |
| 46 | out | out | ADP | _ | 49 way | case |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 way | case |
| 48 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 way | nmod:poss |
| 49 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 get | obl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 knew | punct |
| 51 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 53 knew | mark |
| 52 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 knew | nsubj |
| 53 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 get | advcl |
| 54 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 59 killed | mark |
| 55 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 59 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 56 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 59 killed | aux |
| 57 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 59 killed | advmod |
| 58 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 59 killed | aux:pass |
| 59 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 53 knew | ccomp |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 do | punct |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 do | cc |
| 62 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 66 do | mark |
| 63 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 66 do | nsubj |
| 64 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 66 do | aux |
| 65 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 66 do | advmod |
| 66 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 saw | conj |
| 67 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 66 do | obj |
| 68 | to | to | PART | _ | 69 hurt | mark |
| 69 | hurt | hurt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 67 anything | acl |
| 70 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 69 hurt | obj |
| 71 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | man | a party of man's enemies | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer party=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | charge down | would | man | upon Piegans = piegan; down property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon they=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | shake | gerund | man not said here | man's war club | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent club=Patient | ||||
| 4 | shout out speech: express | gerund | man not said here | the war cry | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cry=Topic | ||||
| 5 | see | past | the Piegans | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | come | past · progressive | who nsubj; club nsubj; that nsubj | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | try | past | Piegans = piegan | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 8 | get out not said to happen | to-infinitive | Piegans = piegan not said here | man's way | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | know | past | Piegans = piegan | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 10 | not kill | could · passive | man | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 11 | not do | could | Piegans = piegan | anything | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Eventuality | ||||
| 12 | hurt | to-infinitive | Piegans = piegan not said here | man | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/14/22/