The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 111
As they walked along, the elder girl said to her sister, “I am not going to marry this child, to be laughed at by everybody.”
Who acts: girls, elder girl, everybody · What happens: walk, say, not go, marry, laugh · To what, where: sister, child · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girls, elder girl, everybody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 walked | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 walked | nsubj |
| 3 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | advcl |
| 4 | along | along | ADV | _ | 3 walked | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 walked | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 girl | det |
| 7 | elder | elder | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 girl | amod |
| 8 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 sister | case |
| 11 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 sister | nmod:poss |
| 12 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 going | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 going | punct |
| 15 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 going | nsubj |
| 16 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 going | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 going | advmod |
| 18 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 said | advcl |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 marry | mark |
| 20 | marry | marry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 going | xcomp |
| 21 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 child | det |
| 22 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 marry | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 laughed | punct |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 laughed | mark |
| 25 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 26 laughed | aux:pass |
| 26 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 said | parataxis |
| 27 | at | at | ADP | _ | 26 laughed | obl |
| 28 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 everybody | case |
| 29 | everybody | everybody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 26 laughed | obl:agent |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 laughed | punct |
| 31 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 laughed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk | past | girls = girl | along property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the elder girl | chief's sister | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to sister=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | not go in a quote | present · progressive | the elder girl = girl | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | marry in a quote | to-infinitive | the elder girl = girl not said here | this child | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient | ||||
| 5 | laugh in a quote | to-infinitive · passive | everybody | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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