The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 137
Here he gathered up buffalo chips, and made great piles of them in a row, and when he had finished, he went back some way, and then came running and shouting towards the piles of chips.
Who acts: man · What happens: gather up, make, finish, go back, come, run · To what, where: buffalo chips, great piles, row, way
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 gathered | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 gathered | nsubj |
| 3 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 gathered | compound:prt |
| 5 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 chips | compound |
| 6 | chips | chip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 gathered | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 made | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 made | cc |
| 9 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 gathered | parataxis |
| 10 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 piles | amod |
| 11 | piles | pile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 made | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 them | case |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 piles | nmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 row | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 row | det |
| 16 | row | row | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 made | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 finished | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 finished | cc |
| 19 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 22 finished | advmod |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 finished | nsubj |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 finished | aux |
| 22 | finished | finish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 made | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 went | punct |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 went | nsubj |
| 25 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 gathered | conj |
| 26 | back | back | ADV | _ | 25 went | advmod |
| 27 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 28 way | det |
| 28 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 went | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 came | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 came | cc |
| 31 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 32 came | advmod |
| 32 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 gathered | conj |
| 33 | running | run | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 came | advcl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 shouting | cc |
| 35 | shouting | shout | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 running | conj |
| 36 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 38 piles | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 piles | det |
| 38 | piles | pile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 shouting | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 chips | case |
| 40 | chips | chip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 piles | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 gathered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gather up | past | man | buffalo chips | here | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chip=Theme | |||
| 2 | make | past | great piles of piles | a row | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pile=Product | ||||
| 3 | finish | past · perfect | man | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | go back | past | man | some way | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | come | past | man not said here | then | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | run | gerund | man not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | shout speech: express | gerund | man not said here | towards the piles of chips | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent towards pile=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/137/