The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 173
He then went to the marsh where he had made buffalo before, and again made many little piles of buffalo chips in rows, and again went back some distance and then came charging down on the piles running and shouting.
Who acts: son, piles · What happens: go, make, go back, come, charge down, run · To what, where: marsh, buffalo, many little piles, distance, piles
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, piles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 went | advmod |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 marsh | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 marsh | det |
| 6 | marsh | marsh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 went | obl |
| 7 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 10 made | advmod |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 made | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 made | aux |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 marsh | acl:relcl |
| 11 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 made | obj |
| 12 | before | before | ADV | _ | 10 made | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 made | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 made | cc |
| 15 | again | again | ADV | _ | 16 made | advmod |
| 16 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 17 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 piles | amod |
| 18 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 piles | amod |
| 19 | piles | pile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 made | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 chips | case |
| 21 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 chips | compound |
| 22 | chips | chip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 piles | nmod |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 rows | case |
| 24 | rows | row | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 chips | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 went | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 went | cc |
| 27 | again | again | ADV | _ | 28 went | advmod |
| 28 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | parataxis |
| 29 | back | back | ADV | _ | 28 went | advmod |
| 30 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 31 distance | det |
| 31 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 went | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 came | cc |
| 33 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 34 came | advmod |
| 34 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 went | conj |
| 35 | charging | charge | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 came | xcomp |
| 36 | down | down | ADV | _ | 35 charging | advmod |
| 37 | on | on | ADP | _ | 39 piles | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 piles | det |
| 39 | piles | pile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 charging | obl |
| 40 | running | run | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 piles | acl |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 shouting | cc |
| 42 | shouting | shout | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 40 running | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | son | the marsh | then | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to marsh=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | make | past · perfect | son | buffalo | before property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buffalo=Product | |||
| 3 | make | past | son not said here | many little piles of buffalo chips in rows | again | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pile=Product | |||
| 4 | go back | past | some distance | again | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | come | past | then | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | charge down | gerund | the piles | down property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on pile=Trajectory | ||||
| 7 | run | gerund | the piles not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | shout speech: express | gerund | the piles not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/173/