The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 179
His wife told her husband that Raven Arrow had changed himself into a raven, and had flown away to look for buffalo, saying that if he found any he was going to drive them out of the country.
Who acts: wife, husband, raven, any · What happens: tell, change, fly away, look, say, find · To what, where: husband, chief, raven, wife, country · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife, husband, raven, any), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 wife | nmod:poss |
| 2 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 told | nsubj |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 told | iobj |
| 5 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 told | obj |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 changed | nsubj |
| 7 | Raven | Raven | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 changed | nsubj |
| 8 | Arrow | Arrow | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Raven | flat |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 changed | aux |
| 10 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 husband | acl:relcl |
| 11 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 10 changed | obj |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 raven | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 raven | det |
| 14 | raven | raven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 changed | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 flown | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 flown | cc |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 flown | aux |
| 18 | flown | fly | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 told | parataxis |
| 19 | away | away | ADV | _ | 18 flown | advmod |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 look | mark |
| 21 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 flown | advcl |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 buffalo | case |
| 23 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 look | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 saying | punct |
| 25 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 look | advcl |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 found | mark |
| 27 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 29 found | mark |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 found | nsubj |
| 29 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 saying | ccomp |
| 30 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 33 going | nsubj |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 going | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 going | aux |
| 33 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 found | ccomp |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 drive | mark |
| 35 | drive | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 going | xcomp |
| 36 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 drive | obj |
| 37 | out | out | ADP | _ | 40 country | case |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 country | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 country | det |
| 40 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 drive | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | son's wife | husband | chief | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient husband=Topic | |||
| 2 | change | past · perfect | husband | raven | into a raven result; Raven nsubj | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent himself=Patient into raven=Result | |||
| 3 | fly away | past · perfect | away property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | look | to-infinitive | for buffalo | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for buffalo=Theme | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 6 | find a condition, not said to happen | past | raven | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | go | past · progressive | any | raven nsubj | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 8 | drive | to-infinitive | any not said here | wife | the country | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme out country=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/179/