The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 185
Up to that time ravens had always been white, but ever since the smoking that this raven got they have been black.
Who acts: time ravens, raven, children · What happens: be, get
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time ravens, raven, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Up | up | ADV | _ | 5 ravens | advmod |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 ravens | case |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 ravens | nsubj |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ravens | compound |
| 5 | ravens | raven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 white | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 white | aux |
| 7 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 9 white | advmod |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 white | cop |
| 9 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 smoking | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 smoking | cc |
| 12 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 15 smoking | advmod |
| 13 | since | since | ADP | _ | 15 smoking | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 smoking | det |
| 15 | smoking | smoking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 white | parataxis |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 got | mark |
| 17 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 raven | det |
| 18 | raven | raven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 got | nsubj |
| 19 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 smoking | advcl |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 black | nsubj |
| 21 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 black | aux |
| 22 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 black | cop |
| 23 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 got | ccomp |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 white | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past · perfect | time ravens that | the smoking parataxis; always, white property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | get | past | this raven | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | is | present · perfect | children = child | black property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/185/