The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 26
Then he asked, “Where have you put my arrows?” but no one answered, and at length he saw the ends of them among the ashes, for his brother had thrown them into the fire.
Who acts: boy, you, one · What happens: ask, put, answer, see, throw · To what, where: arrows, ends, length, brother, fire · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, you, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 asked | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 asked | nsubj |
| 3 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 put | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 put | punct |
| 6 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 9 put | advmod |
| 7 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 put | aux |
| 8 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 put | nsubj |
| 9 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 asked | ccomp |
| 10 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 arrows | nmod:poss |
| 11 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 put | obj |
| 12 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 9 put | punct |
| 13 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 put | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 answered | cc |
| 15 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 16 one | det |
| 16 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 answered | nsubj |
| 17 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 asked | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 saw | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 saw | cc |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 21 length | case |
| 21 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 saw | obl |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 saw | nsubj |
| 23 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 asked | parataxis |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 ends | det |
| 25 | ends | end | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 saw | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 them | case |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 ends | nmod |
| 28 | among | among | ADP | _ | 30 ashes | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 ashes | det |
| 30 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 saw | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 thrown | punct |
| 32 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 36 thrown | mark |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 brother | nmod:poss |
| 34 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 thrown | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 thrown | aux |
| 36 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 saw | conj |
| 37 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 thrown | obj |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 40 fire | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 fire | det |
| 40 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 thrown | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | past | boy | then | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | put in a quote | present | you | my arrows | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent arrow=Goal | ||||
| 3 | answer speech: assert | past | no one | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | see | past | boy | the ends of arrows | length | among the ashes | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer end=Stimulus | ||
| 5 | throw | past · perfect · passive | boy's brother | the fire | arrows = arrow obj | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/26/