The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 40
He kept climbing and climbing, with the arrow always moving in front of him, until at last he climbed out of sight.
Who acts: boy, arrow · What happens: keep, climb, move · To what, where: front, last
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, arrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 kept | nsubj |
| 2 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | climbing | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 kept | xcomp |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 climbing | cc |
| 5 | climbing | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 climbing | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 moving | punct |
| 7 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 11 moving | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 arrow | det |
| 9 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 moving | nsubj |
| 10 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 11 moving | advmod |
| 11 | moving | move | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 climbing | conj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 front | case |
| 13 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 moving | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 him | case |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 front | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 climbed | punct |
| 17 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 21 climbed | mark |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 last | case |
| 19 | last | last | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 climbed | obl |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 climbed | nsubj |
| 21 | climbed | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 kept | parataxis |
| 22 | out | out | ADP | _ | 24 sight | case |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 sight | case |
| 24 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 climbed | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 kept | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | past | boy | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | climb | gerund | boy not said here | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | climb | gerund | boy not said here | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | move | gerund | the arrow | front of boy | always property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in front=Trajectory | |||
| 5 | climb | past | boy | last | out sight | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at last=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/40/