The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 91
Then all who were standing by were astonished, but they said, “It must have been a chance shot.”
Who acts: all, arrows, eagle · What happens: stand, be, say · To what, where: chance shot · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (all, arrows, eagle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 standing | advmod |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 standing | nsubj |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 standing | nsubj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 standing | aux |
| 5 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 astonished | case |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 astonished | cop |
| 8 | astonished | astonished | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 standing | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 said | cc |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 said | nsubj |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 standing | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 shot | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 shot | punct |
| 15 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 shot | nsubj |
| 16 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 shot | aux |
| 17 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 shot | aux |
| 18 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 shot | cop |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 shot | det |
| 20 | chance | chance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 shot | compound |
| 21 | shot | shot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 said | ccomp |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 standing | punct |
| 23 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 standing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past · progressive | all | then | who nsubj | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | is | past | astonished property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | arrows = arrow | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | must · perfect | eagle | a chance shot | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/91/