The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Shield Quiver’s Wife, sentence 20
The chief said: “I cannot say anything about that.
Who acts: chief · What happens: say, not say · To what, where: anything · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Shield Quiver’s Wife. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 say | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 say | punct |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 say | nsubj |
| 7 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 say | aux |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 say | advmod |
| 9 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | parataxis |
| 10 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 9 say | obj |
| 11 | about | about | ADP | _ | 12 that | case |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 anything | nmod |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the chief | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | not say speech: assert in a quote | can | the chief = chief | anything | about that | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent anything=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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