The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Shield Quiver’s Wife, sentence 37
While they were waiting in the brush a dark cloud came up in the west, and it looked as if they were going to have a storm.
Who acts: people, it · What happens: wait, come up, look, go, have · To what, where: dark cloud, brush, west, storm
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Shield Quiver’s Wife. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 4 waiting | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 waiting | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 waiting | aux |
| 4 | waiting | wait | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 came | advcl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 brush | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 brush | det |
| 7 | brush | brush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 waiting | obl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 cloud | det |
| 9 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 cloud | amod |
| 10 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 waiting | obj |
| 11 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | up | up | ADV | _ | 11 came | advmod |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 west | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 west | det |
| 15 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 came | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 looked | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 looked | cc |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 looked | nsubj |
| 19 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 came | conj |
| 20 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 24 going | mark |
| 21 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 24 going | mark |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 going | nsubj |
| 23 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 going | aux |
| 24 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 looked | advcl |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 have | mark |
| 26 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 going | xcomp |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 storm | det |
| 28 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 have | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wait | past · progressive | people | a dark cloud | the brush | tree rules | |||
| 2 | come up | past | the west | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in west=Location | |||||
| 3 | look | past | it | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | go | past · progressive | people | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | have | to-infinitive | people not said here | a storm | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent storm=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/16/37/