The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Shield Quiver’s Wife, sentence 80
Then he turned to his wife and said: “Now, woman, I have killed this man that you have tried to help, and I would like to have you tell me what is the reason that you acted as you did, and tried to help him to kill me.”
Who acts: Shield, woman, you · What happens: turn, say, kill, try, help, like · To what, where: Shield, man, you, reason · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Shield Quiver’s Wife. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shield, woman, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 turned | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 turned | nsubj |
| 3 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 wife | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 wife | nmod:poss |
| 6 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turned | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 said | cc |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 turned | conj |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 woman | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 woman | punct |
| 11 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 woman | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Now | punct |
| 13 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | ccomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 killed | punct |
| 15 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 killed | aux |
| 17 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 woman | acl:relcl |
| 18 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 man | det |
| 19 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 killed | obj |
| 20 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 tried | mark |
| 21 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 23 tried | nsubj |
| 22 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 tried | aux |
| 23 | tried | try | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 man | acl |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 help | mark |
| 25 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 tried | xcomp |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 like | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 like | cc |
| 28 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 like | nsubj |
| 29 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 like | aux |
| 30 | like | like | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 turned | conj |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 have | mark |
| 32 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 like | xcomp |
| 33 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 32 have | obj |
| 34 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 have | xcomp |
| 35 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 34 tell | iobj |
| 36 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 39 reason | nsubj |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 reason | cop |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 reason | det |
| 39 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 tell | parataxis |
| 40 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 acted | obj |
| 41 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 42 acted | nsubj |
| 42 | acted | act | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 reason | acl:relcl |
| 43 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 45 did | mark |
| 44 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 45 did | nsubj |
| 45 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 acted | advcl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 tried | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 tried | cc |
| 48 | tried | try | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 turned | conj |
| 49 | to | to | PART | _ | 50 help | mark |
| 50 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 tried | xcomp |
| 51 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 help | obj |
| 52 | to | to | PART | _ | 53 kill | mark |
| 53 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 50 help | xcomp |
| 54 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 53 kill | obj |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 turned | punct |
| 56 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | past | Shield | then | to Shield's wife result | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to wife=Result | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Shield not said here | woman ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | kill in a quote | present · perfect · passive | woman not said here | Shield | this man obj | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer man=Result | |||
| 4 | try in a quote | present · perfect | you | this man not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | help not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | you not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | like in a quote | would | Shield | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | have not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | Shield not said here | you | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | tell speech: assert in a quote | infinitive | you not said here | Shield | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient | ||||
| 9 | is a in a quote | present | the reason | what nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | act in a quote | past | you | the reason | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | ||||
| 11 | do in a quote | past | you | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 12 | try in a quote | past | Shield not said here | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 13 | help not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | Shield not said here | Shield | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 14 | kill not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | Shield not said here | Shield | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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