The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 108
“O-e-ai!” the old man exclaimed, in a surprised and pained tone.
Who acts: O e, ai · What happens: ai, exclaim, surprise, pain · To what, where: surprised tone · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (O e, ai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 ai | punct |
| 2 | O | o | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 e | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 O | punct |
| 4 | e | e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 ai | nsubj |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 ai | punct |
| 6 | ai | ai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 exclaimed | nsubj |
| 7 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 6 ai | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 ai | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 man | det |
| 10 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 man | amod |
| 11 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 exclaimed | nsubj |
| 12 | exclaimed | exclaim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 tone | punct |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 tone | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 tone | det |
| 16 | surprised | surprise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 tone | amod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 pained | cc |
| 18 | pained | pain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 surprised | conj |
| 19 | tone | tone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 exclaimed | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 exclaimed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ai in a quote | O e | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | exclaim speech: express | past | ai | a surprised tone | the old man nsubj | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | surprise | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | pain | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/108/