The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 149
New Robe told them to walk ahead and warn the people to keep away from him, and, as they all stood in a big crowd on each side of his path, he came to the first sweat lodge and entered it.
Who acts: New Robe, stones, Robe · What happens: tell, walk, warn, keep away, stand, come · To what, where: stones, people, big crowd, first sweat lodge, lodge · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (New Robe, stones, Robe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New | New | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Robe | amod |
| 2 | Robe | Robe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 told | nsubj |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 told | iobj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 walk | mark |
| 6 | walk | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 told | xcomp |
| 7 | ahead | ahead | ADV | _ | 6 walk | advmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 warn | cc |
| 9 | warn | warn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 walk | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 people | det |
| 11 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 warn | obj |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 keep | mark |
| 13 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 warn | xcomp |
| 14 | away | away | ADV | _ | 13 keep | advmod |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 him | case |
| 16 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 keep | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 stood | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 stood | cc |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 and | punct |
| 20 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 23 stood | mark |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 stood | nsubj |
| 22 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 they | det |
| 23 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 told | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 crowd | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 crowd | det |
| 26 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 crowd | amod |
| 27 | crowd | crowd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 stood | obl |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 side | case |
| 29 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 30 side | det |
| 30 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 stood | obl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 path | case |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 path | nmod:poss |
| 33 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 side | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 came | punct |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 came | nsubj |
| 36 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 told | parataxis |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 lodge | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 lodge | det |
| 39 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 41 lodge | amod |
| 40 | sweat | sweat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 lodge | compound |
| 41 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 came | obl |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 entered | cc |
| 43 | entered | enter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 came | conj |
| 44 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 entered | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | New Robe | stones = stone | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | walk not said to happen | to-infinitive | New Robe not said here | ahead property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | warn speech: warn | infinitive | New Robe not said here | the people | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: agent=Agent people=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | keep away | to-infinitive | New Robe not said here | from Robe; away property | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from he=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | stand | past | stones = stone | a big crowd | on each side of Robe's path | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in crowd=Location | |||
| 6 | come | past | Robe | the first sweat lodge | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to lodge=Initial_Location | ||||
| 7 | enter | past | Robe not said here | lodge | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/149/