The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 35
He had but little food, only some tough, dried meat, and his weapons were poor and of little use; yet he did not fear that he would starve, or suffer any harm from the animals or from the enemy.
Who acts: Robe, weapons · What happens: have, dry, be, not fear, starve, suffer · To what, where: little food, harm
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Robe, weapons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 food | cc |
| 4 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 food | amod |
| 5 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 had | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 tough | punct |
| 7 | only | only | ADV | _ | 9 tough | advmod |
| 8 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 9 tough | det |
| 9 | tough | tough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 had | parataxis |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 meat | punct |
| 11 | dried | dry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 meat | amod |
| 12 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 tough | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 poor | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 poor | cc |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 weapons | nmod:poss |
| 16 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 poor | nsubj |
| 17 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 poor | cop |
| 18 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 tough | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 use | cc |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 use | case |
| 21 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 use | amod |
| 22 | use | use | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 poor | conj |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 fear | punct |
| 24 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 28 fear | cc |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 fear | nsubj |
| 26 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 fear | aux |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 fear | advmod |
| 28 | fear | fear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 had | parataxis |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 starve | mark |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 starve | nsubj |
| 31 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 starve | aux |
| 32 | starve | starve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 fear | advcl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 suffer | punct |
| 34 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 35 suffer | cc |
| 35 | suffer | suffer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 starve | conj |
| 36 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 37 harm | det |
| 37 | harm | harm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 suffer | obj |
| 38 | from | from | ADP | _ | 40 animals | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 animals | det |
| 40 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 suffer | obl |
| 41 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 44 enemy | cc |
| 42 | from | from | ADP | _ | 44 enemy | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 enemy | det |
| 44 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 animals | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Robe | little food | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient | ||||
| 2 | dry | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | is | past | Robe's weapons | little use conj; poor property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not fear | past · do-support | Robe | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | starve | would | Robe | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | suffer | infinitive | Robe not said here | any harm | from the animals or the enemy | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer harm=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/35/