The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 45
Before I descended into the valley from the prairie I looked carefully over it, up and down.”
Who acts: I · What happens: descend, look · To what, where: valley
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Before | before | SCONJ | _ | 3 descended | mark |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 descended | nsubj |
| 3 | descended | descend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 looked | advcl |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 6 valley | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 valley | det |
| 6 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 descended | obl |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 prairie | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 prairie | det |
| 9 | prairie | prairie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 descended | obl |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 looked | nsubj |
| 11 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 11 looked | advmod |
| 13 | over | over | ADP | _ | 14 it | case |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 looked | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 up | punct |
| 16 | up | up | ADV | _ | 11 looked | parataxis |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 down | cc |
| 18 | down | down | ADV | _ | 16 up | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 looked | punct |
| 20 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | descend | past | I | the valley | from the prairie | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme into valley=Initial_Location from prairie=Destination | |||
| 2 | look | past | I | over prairie; carefully property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent over it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/45/