The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 49
He started, and led the way out over the ice, which had frozen from the shore for some distance out into the pond.
Who acts: father · What happens: start, lead out, freeze · To what, where: way, ice, shore
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 started | nsubj |
| 2 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 led | punct |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 led | cc |
| 5 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 started | conj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 way | det |
| 7 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 led | obj |
| 8 | out | out | ADV | _ | 5 led | advmod |
| 9 | over | over | ADP | _ | 11 ice | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 ice | det |
| 11 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 led | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 frozen | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 frozen | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 frozen | aux |
| 15 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 ice | acl |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 shore | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 shore | det |
| 18 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 frozen | obl |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 distance | case |
| 20 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 distance | det |
| 21 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 frozen | obl |
| 22 | out | out | ADV | _ | 21 distance | advmod |
| 23 | into | into | ADP | _ | 25 pond | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 pond | det |
| 25 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 frozen | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 started | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | past | father | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | lead out | past | father not said here | the way | the ice | out property | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent way=Theme over ice=Destination | ||
| 3 | freeze | past · perfect · passive | the ice | the shore | for some distance; into the pond | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/49/