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The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 72

“Our only food,” said the old man, “is the bark of the trees; for, after all, you know, we are actually beavers, although we have the power to change our bodies into the form of any living thing.

Who acts: only food, you, all, we, power · What happens: say, be, know, have, change, form · To what, where: old man, bark, beavers, power, bodies, form · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (only food, you, all, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

punctnmod:possamodnsubjpunctpunctdetamodobjpunctpunctcopdetconjcasedetnmodpunctcasepunctcasensubjpunctnsubjacl:relclpunctnsubjcopadvmodoblpunctmarknsubjconjdetobjmarkxcompnmod:possobjcasedetoblcasedetcompoundnmodpunctroot“PUNCTOurPRONonlyADJfoodNOUN,PUNCT”PUNCTsaidVERBtheDEToldADJmanNOUN,PUNCT“PUNCTisAUXtheDETbarkNOUNofADPtheDETtreesNOUN;PUNCTforADP,PUNCTafterADPallDET,PUNCTyouPRONknowVERB,PUNCTwePRONareAUXactuallyADVbeaversNOUN,PUNCTalthoughSCONJwePRONhaveVERBtheDETpowerNOUNtoPARTchangeVERBourPRONbodiesNOUNintoADPtheDETformNOUNofADPanyDETlivingNOUNthingNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1“"PUNCT_7 saidpunct
2OurourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs4 foodnmod:poss
3onlyonlyADJDegree=Pos4 foodamod
4foodfoodNOUNNumber=Sing7 saidnsubj
5,,PUNCT_4 foodpunct
6”"PUNCT_4 foodpunct
7saidsayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
8thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 mandet
9oldoldADJDegree=Pos10 manamod
10manmanNOUNNumber=Sing7 saidobj
11,,PUNCT_15 barkpunct
12“"PUNCT_15 barkpunct
13isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin15 barkcop
14thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art15 barkdet
15barkbarkNOUNNumber=Sing10 manconj
16ofofADP_18 treescase
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art18 treesdet
18treestreeNOUNNumber=Plur15 barknmod
19;;PUNCT_31 beaverspunct
20forforADP_23 allcase
21,,PUNCT_20 forpunct
22afterafterADP_23 allcase
23allallDETPronType=Tot31 beaversnsubj
24,,PUNCT_23 allpunct
25youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs26 knownsubj
26knowknowVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin23 allacl:relcl
27,,PUNCT_23 allpunct
28wewePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs31 beaversnsubj
29arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin31 beaverscop
30actuallyactuallyADV_31 beaversadvmod
31beaversbeaverNOUNNumber=Plur7 saidobl
32,,PUNCT_35 havepunct
33althoughalthoughSCONJ_35 havemark
34wewePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs35 havensubj
35havehaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin7 saidconj
36thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art37 powerdet
37powerpowerNOUNNumber=Sing35 haveobj
38totoPART_39 changemark
39changechangeVERBVerbForm=Inf35 havexcomp
40ourourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs41 bodiesnmod:poss
41bodiesbodyNOUNNumber=Plur39 changeobj
42intointoADP_44 formcase
43thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art44 formdet
44formformNOUNNumber=Sing39 changeobl
45ofofADP_48 thingcase
46anyanyDETPronType=Ind48 thingdet
47livinglivingNOUNNumber=Sing48 thingcompound
48thingthingNOUNNumber=Sing44 formnmod
49..PUNCT_7 saidpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1say speech: assertpastOur only foodthe old man and the barkvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent man=Topic
2is a in a quotepresentOur only food not said herethe barkof the treestree rules
3know in a quotepresentyouvn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4is a in a quotepresentallbeaverswe nsubj; actually propertytree rules
5have in a quotepresentwethe powertree rules
6change in a quoteto-infinitivethe power not said hereour bodiesinto the form of any living thing resultvn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent body=Patient into form=Result
7form in a quoteany living thingnom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/72/