The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 85
“Our pond is frozen over,” he said.
Who acts: Robe · What happens: freeze over, say · To what, where: pond · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Robe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 frozen | punct |
| 2 | Our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 pond | nmod:poss |
| 3 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 frozen | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 frozen | aux:pass |
| 5 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 said | ccomp |
| 6 | over | over | ADV | _ | 5 frozen | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 frozen | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 frozen | punct |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 said | nsubj |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | freeze over in a quote | present · passive | Our pond | over property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Robe | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/85/