The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 93
Most of the waking hours were passed by the beavers in praying to their medicines and in singing their sacred songs, and the young man, listening, learned much of their secret wisdom.
Who acts: beavers · What happens: pass, pray, sing, listen, learn, medicine · To what, where: Most waking hours, sacred songs, much
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beavers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 hours | amod |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 hours | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 hours | det |
| 4 | waking | waking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hours | compound |
| 5 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 passed | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 passed | aux:pass |
| 7 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 beavers | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 beavers | det |
| 10 | beavers | beaver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 passed | obl |
| 11 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 12 praying | mark |
| 12 | praying | pray | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 passed | advcl |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 medicines | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 medicines | nmod:poss |
| 15 | medicines | medicine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 praying | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 singing | cc |
| 17 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 18 singing | mark |
| 18 | singing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 praying | conj |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 songs | nmod:poss |
| 20 | sacred | sacred | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 songs | amod |
| 21 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 singing | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 man | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 man | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 man | det |
| 25 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 man | amod |
| 26 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 passed | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 listening | punct |
| 28 | listening | listen | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 man | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 learned | punct |
| 30 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 passed | conj |
| 31 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 learned | obj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 wisdom | case |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 wisdom | nmod:poss |
| 34 | secret | secret | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 wisdom | amod |
| 35 | wisdom | wisdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 much | nmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 passed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | past · passive | the beavers | the Most waking hours | the young man obl | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | pray | gerund | the beavers not said here | to beavers's medicines | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 3 | sing speech: express | gerund | the beavers not said here | beavers's sacred songs | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme | ||||
| 4 | listen | gerund | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | learn | past | the beavers not said here | much of beavers's secret wisdom | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Topic | ||||
| 6 | medicine | beavers = beaver | nom medicine «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 7 | sing | beavers = beaver | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/93/