The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 145
The coyote was not forgotten; food was always left at the camp site, as she had promised, and often, as Su-yé-sai-pi and her people started on after the others, they saw him standing on a near hill, watching them out of sight.
Who acts: mother, people, coyote · What happens: not forget, leave, promise, start on, see, stand · To what, where: coyote, food, camp site, near hill, people, sight
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother, people, coyote), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 coyote | det |
| 2 | coyote | coyote | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 forgotten | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 forgotten | aux:pass |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 forgotten | advmod |
| 5 | forgotten | forget | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 left | punct |
| 7 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 left | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 left | aux:pass |
| 9 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 10 left | advmod |
| 10 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 forgotten | parataxis |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 site | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 site | det |
| 13 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 site | compound |
| 14 | site | site | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 left | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 promised | punct |
| 16 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 promised | mark |
| 17 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 promised | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 promised | aux |
| 19 | promised | promise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 left | advcl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 often | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 often | cc |
| 22 | often | often | ADV | _ | 5 forgotten | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 pi | punct |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 31 pi | case |
| 25 | Su | Su | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 pi | nsubj |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 Su | punct |
| 27 | yé | yé | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 Su | appos |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 yé | punct |
| 29 | sai | sai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 pi | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 sai | punct |
| 31 | pi | pi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 forgotten | parataxis |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 started | cc |
| 33 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 people | nmod:poss |
| 34 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 started | nsubj |
| 35 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 pi | conj |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 started | compound:prt |
| 37 | after | after | ADP | _ | 39 others | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 others | det |
| 39 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 started | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 saw | punct |
| 41 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 saw | nsubj |
| 42 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 forgotten | conj |
| 43 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 saw | obj |
| 44 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 42 saw | xcomp |
| 45 | on | on | ADP | _ | 48 hill | case |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 hill | det |
| 47 | near | near | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 hill | amod |
| 48 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 standing | obl |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 watching | punct |
| 50 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 44 standing | advcl |
| 51 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 watching | obj |
| 52 | out | out | ADP | _ | 54 sight | case |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 sight | case |
| 54 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 watching | obl |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 forgotten | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not forget | past · passive | the coyote | sai pi Su parataxis; often property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | leave | past · passive | food | the camp site | always property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme at site=Location | |||
| 3 | promise speech: promise | past · perfect | mother | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | start on | past | mother's people | after the others | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | see | past | people | coyote | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | stand | gerund | coyote not said here | a near hill | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on hill=Location | ||||
| 7 | watch | gerund | coyote not said here | people | sight | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/145/