The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 20
At this time the Piegans were hunting on the Lower Milk River, but the morning that Front Wolf and his wife started away the whole camp moved too, for the chiefs wished to pass the hot season along the foot-hills of the great mountains.
Who acts: Piegans, Front Wolf, morning, chiefs · What happens: hunt, start away, move, wish, pass · To what, where: time, Lower Milk River, whole camp, foot hills
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Piegans, Front Wolf, morning, chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Piegans | det |
| 5 | Piegans | Piegan | PROPN | Number=Plur | 7 hunting | nsubj |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 hunting | aux |
| 7 | hunting | hunt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 time | acl:relcl |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 River | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 River | det |
| 10 | Lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 12 River | amod |
| 11 | Milk | Milk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 River | compound |
| 12 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 hunting | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 moved | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 moved | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 morning | det |
| 16 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 moved | nsubj |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 started | mark |
| 18 | Front | Front | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Wolf | compound |
| 19 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 started | nsubj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 wife | cc |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 wife | nmod:poss |
| 22 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 Wolf | conj |
| 23 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 morning | acl |
| 24 | away | away | ADV | _ | 23 started | advmod |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 camp | det |
| 26 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 camp | amod |
| 27 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 started | obj |
| 28 | moved | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 River | acl:relcl |
| 29 | too | too | ADV | _ | 28 moved | advmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 wished | punct |
| 31 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 34 wished | mark |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 chiefs | det |
| 33 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 wished | nsubj |
| 34 | wished | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 moved | conj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 pass | mark |
| 36 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 wished | xcomp |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 season | det |
| 38 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 season | amod |
| 39 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 pass | obj |
| 40 | along | along | ADP | _ | 44 hills | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 hills | det |
| 42 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 hills | compound |
| 43 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 foot | punct |
| 44 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 pass | obl |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 mountains | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 mountains | det |
| 47 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 mountains | amod |
| 48 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 hills | nmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 hunting | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hunt | past · progressive | the Piegans | this time not said here | the Lower Milk River | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent time=Theme on river=Location | |||
| 2 | start away | past | Front Wolf and Wolf's wife | the whole camp | away property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camp=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | move | past | the morning | the Lower Milk River not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme river=Result | ||||
| 4 | wish | past | the chiefs | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | pass not said to happen | to-infinitive | the chiefs not said here | the foot hills of the great mountains | season | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme along hill=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/20/