The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 31
The chief came up first, and shook hands with Front Wolf and the rest, saying: “I am glad to meet you.
Who acts: chief · What happens: come up, shake, say, be, meet · To what, where: hands, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADV | _ | 3 came | advmod |
| 5 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 came | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 shook | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 shook | cc |
| 8 | shook | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 9 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 shook | obj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 Wolf | case |
| 11 | Front | Front | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Wolf | compound |
| 12 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 hands | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 rest | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 rest | det |
| 15 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Wolf | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 saying | punct |
| 17 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 shook | advcl |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 glad | punct |
| 19 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 glad | punct |
| 20 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 glad | nsubj |
| 21 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 glad | cop |
| 22 | glad | glad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 saying | ccomp |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 meet | mark |
| 24 | meet | meet | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 glad | xcomp |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 24 meet | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come up | past | the chief | first property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | shake | past | the chief not said here | hands | with Front Wolf and the rest | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient with wolf=Co-Patient | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | gerund | the chief not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | the chief = chief | glad property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | meet in a quote | to-infinitive | the chief = chief not said here | you | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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