The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 39

It was a very hot day, and all around the skin lodge-covering had been raised to allow the cool breeze to pass beneath it, so the prisoners could see all that was happening without.

Who acts: lodge, prisoners, that · What happens: be, raise, allow, pass, see, happen · To what, where: hot day, skin lodge covering, cool breeze, lodge · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lodge, prisoners, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 day	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 day	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 day	det
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 hot	advmod
5	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 day	amod
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 raised	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 raised	cc
9	all	all	ADV	_	18 raised	advmod
10	around	around	ADP	_	15 covering	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 covering	det
12	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 covering	compound
13	lodge	lodge	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 covering	compound
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 lodge	punct
15	covering	covering	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 raised	obl
16	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 raised	aux
17	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	18 raised	aux:pass
18	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 day	parataxis
19	to	to	PART	_	20 allow	mark
20	allow	allow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 raised	advcl
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 breeze	det
22	cool	cool	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 breeze	amod
23	breeze	breeze	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 allow	obj
24	to	to	PART	_	25 pass	mark
25	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 breeze	acl
26	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	27 it	case
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 pass	obl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 see	punct
29	so	so	ADV	_	33 see	advmod
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 prisoners	det
31	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 see	nsubj
32	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	33 see	aux
33	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 day	parataxis
34	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	37 happening	det:predet
35	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	37 happening	nsubj
36	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	37 happening	aux
37	happening	happen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	33 see	ccomp
38	without	without	ADP	_	37 happening	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 day	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	past	lodge	a hot day			tree rules
2	raise	past · perfect · passive			the skin lodge covering	all property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: around covering=Destination
3	allow	to-infinitive		the cool breeze			vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breeze=Beneficiary
4	pass	to-infinitive		the cool breeze not said here	lodge		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beneath it=Location
5	see	could	the prisoners				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
6	happen	past · progressive	that				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/39/

🌲 The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 39

The tree

Pragmatics

The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 39