The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 44
The Blackfeet looked on at this terrible butchery of their friend with horror, but in stolid silence, all save Su-yé-sai-pi, who gave a frightened cry when she saw the poor fellow struck down, and, clasping her husband by the arm, buried her face in his breast.
Who acts: Blackfeet, Su, sai pi · What happens: look on, save, pi, give, see, strike down · To what, where: stolid silence, frightened cry, poor fellow, husband, face, breast
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Blackfeet, Su, sai pi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Blackfeet | det |
| 2 | Blackfeet | Blackfeet | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 looked | nsubj |
| 3 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 3 looked | compound:prt |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 butchery | case |
| 6 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 8 butchery | det |
| 7 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 butchery | amod |
| 8 | butchery | butchery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 looked | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 friend | case |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 friend | nmod:poss |
| 11 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 butchery | nmod |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 horror | case |
| 13 | horror | horror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 friend | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 save | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 save | cc |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 silence | case |
| 17 | stolid | stolid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 silence | amod |
| 18 | silence | silence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 save | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 silence | punct |
| 20 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 save | advmod |
| 21 | save | save | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 looked | parataxis |
| 22 | Su | Su | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 pi | nsubj |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 Su | punct |
| 24 | yé | yé | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 Su | appos |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 yé | punct |
| 26 | sai | sai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 pi | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 sai | punct |
| 28 | pi | pi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 save | ccomp |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 gave | punct |
| 30 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 gave | nsubj |
| 31 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 pi | acl:relcl |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 cry | det |
| 33 | frightened | frightened | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 cry | amod |
| 34 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 gave | obj |
| 35 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 37 saw | advmod |
| 36 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 saw | nsubj |
| 37 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 gave | advcl |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 fellow | det |
| 39 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 fellow | amod |
| 40 | fellow | fellow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 saw | obj |
| 41 | struck | strike | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 fellow | acl |
| 42 | down | down | ADP | _ | 41 struck | compound:prt |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 clasping | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 clasping | cc |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 clasping | punct |
| 46 | clasping | clasp | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 looked | advcl |
| 47 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 husband | nmod:poss |
| 48 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 clasping | obj |
| 49 | by | by | ADP | _ | 51 arm | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 arm | det |
| 51 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 clasping | obl |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 buried | punct |
| 53 | buried | bury | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 looked | conj |
| 54 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 55 face | nmod:poss |
| 55 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 buried | obj |
| 56 | in | in | ADP | _ | 58 breast | case |
| 57 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 breast | nmod:poss |
| 58 | breast | breast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 buried | obl |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look on | past | the Blackfeet | at this terrible butchery of Blackfeet's friend with horror | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at butchery=Theme | ||||
| 2 | save | present | stolid silence | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | pi | Su | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | give | past | sai pi | a frightened cry | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cry=Theme | ||||
| 5 | see | past | Su | the poor fellow | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fellow=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | strike down | participle | the poor fellow not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | clasp | gerund | the Blackfeet not said here | Su's husband | by the arm | vn hold-15.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent husband=Theme | |||
| 8 | bury | past | the Blackfeet not said here | Su's face | husband's breast | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent face=Theme in breast=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/44/