The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 56
All the Kutenais, even the women and children, had now painted their faces black, and were dancing the scalp-dance, carrying before them the scalps, stretched on long, forked willows.
What happens: paint, dance, carry, stretch, fork · To what, where: Kutenais, scalp dance, scalps, long forked willows
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 Kutenais | det:predet |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Kutenais | det |
| 3 | Kutenais | kutenai | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 painted | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 women | punct |
| 5 | even | even | ADV | _ | 7 women | advmod |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 women | det |
| 7 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 Kutenais | appos |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 children | cc |
| 9 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 women | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Kutenais | punct |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 painted | aux |
| 12 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 painted | advmod |
| 13 | painted | paint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 faces | nmod:poss |
| 15 | faces | face | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 black | nsubj |
| 16 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 painted | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 dancing | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 dancing | cc |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 dancing | aux |
| 20 | dancing | dance | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 painted | conj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 dance | det |
| 22 | scalp | scalp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 dance | compound |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 scalp | punct |
| 24 | dance | dance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 dancing | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 carrying | punct |
| 26 | carrying | carry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 dancing | conj |
| 27 | before | before | ADP | _ | 28 them | case |
| 28 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 carrying | obl |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 scalps | det |
| 30 | scalps | scalp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 carrying | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 stretched | punct |
| 32 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 painted | conj |
| 33 | on | on | ADP | _ | 37 willows | case |
| 34 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 willows | amod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 long | punct |
| 36 | forked | fork | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 willows | amod |
| 37 | willows | willow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 stretched | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 painted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | paint | past · perfect · passive | all Kutenais | now | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination | ||||
| 2 | dance | past · progressive | the scalp dance | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location dance=Theme | |||||
| 3 | carry | gerund | the scalps | before Kutenais = kutenai | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scalp=Theme | ||||
| 4 | stretch | participle | long forked willows | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | fork | participle | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/56/