The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 81
The sky was overcast, and presently heavy rain, with thunder and lightning, came up, but she walked swiftly, steadily on, not knowing nor caring whither, so long as it was away from her enemies.
Who acts: captive, sky · What happens: overcast, come up, walk, not know, care, be · To what, where: sky, enemies
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (captive, sky), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 sky | det |
| 2 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 overcast | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 overcast | aux:pass |
| 4 | overcast | overcast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 rain | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 rain | cc |
| 7 | presently | presently | ADV | _ | 8 heavy | advmod |
| 8 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 rain | amod |
| 9 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 overcast | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 thunder | punct |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 thunder | case |
| 12 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 overcast | parataxis |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 lightning | cc |
| 14 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 thunder | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 came | punct |
| 16 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 overcast | parataxis |
| 17 | up | up | ADV | _ | 16 came | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 walked | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 walked | cc |
| 20 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 walked | nsubj |
| 21 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 came | conj |
| 22 | swiftly | swiftly | ADV | _ | 21 walked | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 on | punct |
| 24 | steadily | steadily | ADV | _ | 25 on | advmod |
| 25 | on | on | ADV | _ | 21 walked | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 knowing | punct |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 knowing | advmod |
| 28 | knowing | know | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 walked | advcl |
| 29 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 30 caring | cc |
| 30 | caring | care | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 knowing | conj |
| 31 | whither | whither | ADV | PronType=Int | 30 caring | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 long | punct |
| 33 | so | so | ADV | _ | 34 long | advmod |
| 34 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 28 knowing | advmod |
| 35 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 38 away | mark |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 away | nsubj |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 away | cop |
| 38 | away | away | ADV | _ | 34 long | advcl |
| 39 | from | from | ADP | _ | 41 enemies | case |
| 40 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 41 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 away | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 overcast | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | overcast | past · passive | the sky | heavy rain obl; thunder and lightning parataxis | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme | ||||
| 2 | come up | past | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | walk | past | captive | swiftly property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not know | gerund | captive not said here | long property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | care | gerund | captive not said here | whither property | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | is | past | sky | captive's enemies | away property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/81/